Allergies are caused by an overreaction of the immune system to substances that are normally harmless, such as pollen, pet dander, dust mites, certain foods, or medications. When these substances, known as allergens, are encountered, the immune system mistakenly identifies them as threats and triggers a defense response. This response involves the release of chemicals like histamine, which can lead to symptoms such as sneezing, itching, swelling, or more severe reactions like anaphylaxis. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors can play significant roles in the development of allergies, with some individuals being more susceptible due to family history or prolonged exposure to specific allergens. Understanding these triggers is essential for effective management and prevention of allergic reactions.
