Gout is a type of arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints. This condition typically arises when there is an excess of uric acid in the bloodstream, a state known as hyperuricemia. Uric acid is a byproduct of purine metabolism, which are substances found naturally in the body and in certain foods such as red meat, seafood, and alcoholic beverages. When the body produces too much uric acid or fails to eliminate it efficiently through the kidneys, it can accumulate and form sharp crystals in the joints, leading to inflammation, pain, and swelling. Other contributing factors to gout include genetics, obesity, certain medical conditions such as hypertension or kidney disease, and the use of specific medications like diuretics.
If left untreated, elevated levels of uric acid and the resulting crystal formation can lead to chronic conditions, such as tophi, which are hardened deposits of urate crystals under the skin, and permanent joint damage. Additionally, individuals with prolonged high uric acid levels may also face an increased risk of kidney stones, as the crystals can form within the urinary tract.
